玛丽安娜·马祖卡托(Mariana Mazzucato)全面反驳了“笨拙的官僚国家”与“充满创新活力的私营部门”这一传统神话。她指出,私营部门通常是在“企业家型的国家”(entrepreneurial state)进行高风险投资之后,才敢于投入资金。事实上,使iPhone如此“智能”的每一项技术——从互联网和GPS技术到触屏显示和语音助手Siri——都源自政府的资助。马祖卡托主张国家应在市场塑造和引导创新以实现社会目标方面发挥更积极的作用。
Mariana Mazzucato argues comprehensively against the myth of a lumbering, bureaucratic state versus a dynamic, innovative private sector. The private sector only finds the courage to invest after an entrepreneurial state has made the high-risk investments. Every technology that makes the iPhone so “smart” was actually funded by the government—from the Internet and GPS technology to touch-screen displays and voice-activated Siri. She advocates for a more active role of the state in shaping markets and directing innovation towards societal goals.
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